The History of the Caipirinha

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Made with cachaça—the sweeter, more refined cousin of dark rum—the Caipirinha (Kai-Pur-reen-Ya) has earned its place as the national cocktail of Brazil. Light, cold, and incredibly refreshing, it’s no wonder it is so beloved in this sweltering hot country. But where did this surprisingly simple yet effective cocktail come from?

TL;DR

• Originally a remedy for Spanish flu, it evolved into the beloved Caipirinha by swapping garlic and honey for sugar and ice.
• Gained prominence at elite 19th-century parties showcasing local agricultural produce.
• Linked to laborers and sailors who may have crafted it for its lime's vitamin C against scurvy.
• Brazilian laws dictate what constitutes a Caipirinha, but variations like Strawberry or Passionfruit have emerged.

The Medicinal Caipirinha?

One intriguing theory about the origins of the Caipirinha is that it was initially concocted as a remedy for Spanish flu, which ravaged Brazil at the end of World War I. The early recipe reportedly included garlic and honey, alongside native green lemons (which we now know as limes) and Brazil’s famous cachaça. Over time, someone had the inspired idea to swap out the garlic and honey for sugar and ice. Thus, the classic Caipirinha was born. Despite its modern-day association with leisure, the Caipirinha is still sometimes employed as a home remedy for the common cold, although we can't vouch for its medicinal effectiveness!

The Party Caipirinha?

Another compelling theory posits that the Caipirinha was a showcase beverage at elite 19th-century parties thrown by wealthy farmers in São Paulo. These landowners were eager to display their local agricultural produce, especially the region's abundant sugarcane. Cachaça is made by fermenting and distilling sugarcane juice, turning what was a significant crop into a cherished beverage. The Caipirinha, featuring cachaça and other local ingredients, thus became a statement of prosperity and local pride, presenting the best of their land in a glass.

The Working Man’s Caipirinha?

There are also tales that link the Caipirinha to laborers and sailors. Some stories suggest that European slave traders, who journeyed back to Portugal, consumed a similar drink on their ships to ward off scurvy. The lime's high vitamin C content would have helped stave off this disease, while sugar made the concoction more palatable. Another version suggests that the drink was born in the sugarcane fields among the laborers themselves, who sought a refreshing way to consume the cachaça they harvested. Though the true origin remains nebulous and unclaimed by any single person, these stories collectively celebrate the humble and resourceful roots of this now-iconic cocktail.

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Caipirinha

Recipe card

4.49 / 5

Lowball / rocks glass

Microbadges

IBA Official Drink

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Invented

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(1918)

Base ingredient

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Cachaça

Calories

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224 calories

Alcohol content

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29.63% | 2.4 units of alcohol ^*

Details

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Easy

Classic

Stirred

Caipirinha is Brazil's national cocktail, made with cachaça, sugar and lime. Many variations exist, but the classic is widely mixed, drank and enjoyed!

Ingredients

Lime

Sugar

Cachaça

Method

How to make a Caipirinha

Serves 1 · Takes 3 minutes

First cut up the lime wedges into small segments that will be easy to muddle and release the flavours from

Next, in a lowball glass muddle the sugar and lime wedges

Fill the glass with crushed ice and pour over the cachaça

Give it a quick stir and serve

Makers mode

View the full recipe

Variations of the Caipirinha

In Brazil, specific laws govern what can and cannot be classified as a Caipirinha. By definition, it must include lime and cachaça. If a bartender deviates from these ingredients, the resulting drink cannot be called a Caipirinha. Nevertheless, creative mixologists have sidestepped these restrictions by crafting beverages like the Strawberry Caipirinha or Passionfruit Caipirinha, allowing for delicious experimentation while respecting the traditional nomenclature.

Cachaça blends exceptionally well with a wide range of tropical fruits, so feel free to get creative with your cocktail-making. Do keep in mind that substituting rum for cachaça will dramatically alter the flavor profile. Rum is generally less potent and has a different aroma, which might surprise purists who cherish the original recipe's distinctive characteristics.

The Caipirinha is more than just an alcoholic beverage; it is a reflection of Brazilian culture, history, and ingenuity. Whether enjoyed on a sunny Brazilian beach or in your own backyard, this cocktail brings with it a taste of Brazil's vibrant spirit and rich heritage.